13 research outputs found
Low-dimensional pseudoboehmite structures for microorganism adsorption
Low-dimensional structures consisting of pseudoboehmite nanopetals are synthesized by hydrolysis of electroexplosive aluminum nanopowder. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized nanostructures are studied, such as morphology, particle size, specific surface area, phase composition, and zeta-potential. The production of a hybrid material on the basis of cellulose acetate microfibers and low-dimensional pseudoboehmite structures is described. Using the example of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, we show the microorganism adsorption capacity of pseudoboehmite nanopetals and the hybrid material
Environmental and technical and economic indicators of methods of solid domestic waste recovery
The paper analyzes the waste recovery methods. The comparison of the recovery and processing technologies of solid domestic waste is made. The most effective technologies are proposed from the point of view of ecology, specific capital investments, profitability. Analysis of the research results showed that the pyrolysis technology for the neutralization and recovery of domestic waste is the best according to technical and economic and environmental indicators. The calculation of the economic pay-back is carried out using the example of the waste recovery plant construction by the pyrolysis method in the Arkhangelsk region. The calculation took into account all costs associated with the construction and operation of the plant, including capital investments, maintenance and removal of waste, as well as their storage. At the same time, the item of income was formed both at the expense of obligatory of the Arkhangelsk region resident payments for the domestic waste removal, and at the expense of additional financial revenues from electricity and secondary resources (slag, pyrolysis oil, pyro-gas) generated during the recovery process. The project payback period was 7.8 years
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°
The authors of this article discusses the key issues and approaches to reflection of forest resources in the System of Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA), within the framework of the development of a common system of national accounting (SNA) for natural resources and environmental protection. To be more specific, key principles of the international standard - SEEA-2012: Central Framework No- are characterized from the point of view of information and methodological requirements for enabling statistical calculations. Critical analysis is performed; possibilities for using international provisions in the conditions of the Russian Federation are also reviewed, including the formation of the balance of natural resources on the example of forest timber, solving the issue of valuation of relevant resources, integration of the received indicators obtained in the general system of the SNA aggregates, etc. The article begins with the analysis of the current statistical information on availability, use, restoration and protection of forest resources in our country. The performance of existing indicators is measured in terms of their alignment with the SNA-SEEA requirements and methodology. In addition, an assessment of completeness and quality of statistical data, systematically collected by the statistical and forestry authorities is provided. The complexity and multidimensionality of forest resources and forestry statistics, which must be taken into account when carrying out macro-statistical constructions in accordance with the SNA-SEEA requirements, are mentioned. Major shortcomings in the field of accounting and statistical surveys were also identified. The centerpiece of the article, as already mentioned, is the issue of the valuation of forest wood, i.e. standing timber, as well as reflection of these valuables in the balance of assets of natural resources. For this purpose, the publication describes the types of this balance and analyzes in detail their specific differences in relation to the timber resources in all main balance aggregates. Particular attention is placed upon identification of harvested (cultivated), naturally grown (non-cultivated) forest resources and forest stands growing under promote natural afforestation (the implementation of specific and targeted forestry activities). In this regard the following statistical characteristics of one of the key parameters that operate within S EEA for all biological assets in general and assets of forest timber in particular are considered in detail: a) depletion; b) degradation of resources. The article is elaborated upon specific methods of forest timber valuation on the basis of determining the relevant natural resource rents, using primarily the method of the net present value (NPV), along with other techniques and assessment methods (more specifically those, on the basis of the residual value method, appropriation method, access price method). An improved calculation formula based on the NPV method is proposed. The major advantages and disadvantages of each of the proposed methods of calculation are identified. In this article are formulated the basic questions that need to be answered before the data collection is organized, calculations are carried out, and preliminary observations on them are presented. In the final chapter of the publication are given the concrete proposals for arranging further work that is essential for the quality assessment of forest resources as an important part of the national wealth and an object of the environmental resource management.ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° (Π‘ΠΠΠ£) Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ (ΠΠΠ‘). ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ° - ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π‘ΠΠΠ£ Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ 2012 Π³. ΠΠ°Π½ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π‘ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ‘-Π‘ΠΠΠ£. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ‘-Π‘ΠΠΠ£. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ (ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅) Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ°. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
(ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
), Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
(Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
) Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π², ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ). Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ: Π°) ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ²; Π±) Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² - ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π‘ΠΠ‘-Π‘ΠΠΠ£ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π§ΠΠ‘), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ (Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ). ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π§ΠΠ‘-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΌ. Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ.
ΠΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ‘
This article describes conceptual, statistical and methodological aspects of the ecosystem accounting. The referenced research was performed using the latest recommendations from the leading international organizations, a number of Russian sources as well as experience gained by the authors of this publication in this field in recent years. In particular, the considered accounting system is a direct continuation and development of the System of National Accounts (SNA) and the supporting System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA). Creating an ecosystem accounting is possible on the basis of interrelated and integrated approach to statistical estimates of the natural environment with due regard to target characteristics of the ecosystem, service flows rendered by ecosystems to economic activity, as well as to a human being. In addition, this provides a parallel and/or criss-cross analysis with binding biological and other characteristics of ecosystems to economic activity at the macro level, with a reflection of their mutual influence on each other. Characteristically, a particular feature of the ecosystem accounting is disclosing elements of the non-market activity related to ecosystems, and integrating the obtained information in a single set of data on market transactions. The capacity of the abovementioned accounting system to be used to supply the interested authorities with full and comprehensive macrostatistical information concerning the economic parameters of ecosystem assets, ecosystem services, the depletion/degradation and renewal/restoration of ecosystems, benefits (income, etc.) and other macrocharacteristics is argued and thoroughly substantiated. In the course of the research were extensively reviewed and evaluated the following two documents prepared by the United Nations Statistics Division, as well as the European Commission, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, etc.: a) SEEA Central Framework, adopted by the United Nations Statistical Commission in 2012 and established as an international statistical standard; and b) the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012: Experimental Ecosystem Accounting, published in 2013. The authors of this article initiated and carried out their own translation of the two mentioned documents into Russian. The article critically analyzes the basic concepts and definitions proposed by international organizations in the field of ecosystem accounting, composition and structure of statistical observation units. The authors elaborate tasks and describe methods for the evaluation of ecosystem assets and ecosystem services, the linkage of statistical data in physical and monetary terms. The preparation of generalized accounts of ecosystem services based on the principles outlined in the SNA-SEEA and with maximum exception of double-counting are studied separately. In addition the authors attempt to establish not only the importance of described macrostatistical constructions but also the practical possibility for future implementation of elements of the ecosystem accounting in the Russian Federation. The final part of the article presents brief conclusions and recommendations on information and methodological support of the ecosystem accounting at the state level in our country.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² (Π‘ΠΠ‘) ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° (Π‘ΠΠΠ£). Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅, Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°. Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³, ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ/Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ/Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π±Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ (Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄.) ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ - ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΠΠ‘Π ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ: Π°) ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π‘ΠΠΠ£ (SEEA Central Framework), ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠΠ Π² 2012 Π³. Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΈ Π±) Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ (System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012: Experimental Ecosystem Accounting), ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² 2013 Π³. ΠΠ±Π° ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π‘ΠΠ‘-Π‘ΠΠΠ£ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°
The authors of this article discusses the key issues and approaches to reflection of forest resources in the System of Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA), within the framework of the development of a common system of national accounting (SNA) for natural resources and environmental protection. To be more specific, key principles ofthe international standard - SEEA-2012: Central Framework No-are characterized from the point of view of information and methodological requirements for enabling statistical calculations. Critical analysis is performed; possibilities for using international provisions in the conditions of the Russian Federation are also reviewed, including the formation of the balance of natural resources on the example of forest timber, solving the issue of valuation of relevant resources, integration of the received indicators obtained in the general system of the SNA aggregates, etc. The article begins with the analysis of the current statistical information on availability, use, restoration and protection of forest resources in our country. The performance of existing indicators is measured in terms of their alignment with the SNA-SEEA requirements and methodology. In addition, an assessment of completeness and quality of statistical data, systematically collected by the statistical and forestry authorities is provided. The complexity and multidimensionality of forest resources and forestry statistics, which must be taken into account when carrying out macro-statistical constructions in accordance with the SNA-SEEA requirements, are mentioned. Major shortcomings in the field of accounting and statistical surveys were also identified. The centerpiece of the article, as already mentioned, is the issue of the valuation of forest wood, i.e. standing timber, as well as reflection of these valuables in the balance of assets of natural resources. For this purpose, the publication describes the types of this balance and analyzes in detail their specific differences in relation to the timber resources in all main balance aggregates. Particular attention is placed upon identification of harvested (cultivated), naturally grown (non-cultivated) forest resources and forest stands growing under promote natural afforestation (the implementation of specific and targeted forestry activities). In this regard the following statistical characteristics of one of the key parameters that operate within S EEA for all biological assets in general and assets of forest timber in particular are considered in detail: a) depletion; b) degradation of resources. The article is elaborated upon specific methods of forest timber valuation on the basis of determining the relevant natural resource rents, using primarily the method of the net present value (NPV), along with other techniques and assessment methods (more specifically those, on the basis of the residual value method, appropriation method, access price method). An improved calculation formula based on the NPV method is proposed. The major advantages and disadvantages of each of the proposed methods of calculation are identified. In this article are formulated the basic questions that need to be answered before the data collection is organized, calculations are carried out, and preliminary observations on them are presented. In the final chapter of the publication are given the concrete proposals for arranging further work that is essential for the quality assessment of forest resources as an important part of the national wealth and an object of the environmental resource management.ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° (Π‘ΠΠΠ£) Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ (ΠΠΠ‘). ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ° - ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π‘ΠΠΠ£ Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ 2012 Π³. ΠΠ°Π½ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π‘ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ‘-Π‘ΠΠΠ£. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ‘-Π‘ΠΠΠ£. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ (ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅) Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ°. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
(ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
), Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
(Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
) Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π², ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ). Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ: Π°) ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ²; Π±) Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² - ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π‘ΠΠ‘-Π‘ΠΠΠ£ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π§ΠΠ‘), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ (Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ). ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π§ΠΠ‘-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΌ. Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ
The Phenomenon of Protest Activity: A Subjective-Existential Interpretation
Introduction. The paper (a) presents the principles of the subjective-existential approach, (b) overviews its theoretical and methodological models, and (c) describes the phenomenology of protest activity. The subjective-existential approach focuses on value foundations of personal being, and also the way the individual resolves contradictions in the spaces of his/her life. Protest activity deconstructs micro- and macro-society in accordance with personal self-determination. Value-meaning positioning and existential self-determination are key characteristics of the protest activity system. The study introduces (a) a structural dialectical model of protest, and (b) typology of protest forms. These protest forms are modes of being, resulting from individual subject activity.
Methods. The empirical study of value-meaning positioning in destructive protest forms (nΒ =Β 2600; MΒ =Β 21.3 years) employed the Protest Activity Questionnaire which included the following scales: emancipation, negativism, opposition, escapism, and nihilism. The test was valid, reliable (Cronbachβs alpha (Ξ±) ranged from 0.63 to 0.81), and structured. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model was as follows: CMIN/DFΒ =Β 1,124; IFIΒ =Β 0,987; CFIΒ =Β 0,989; RMSEAΒ =Β 0,013. The study employed factor and correlation analysis.
Results. A value-meaning contradiction in the destructive forms of protest (opposition, nihilism, escapism, and negativism) consisted in the respondentsβ desire to express their personality by choosing socially unapproved forms of subjective positioning. Individuals with non-constructive forms of protest did not accept the uncertainty of the external and inner world and refused existential self-determination. Deformation and devaluation of spiritual values were characteristic for destructive forms of protest.
Discussion. Personal contradictions depend on the problem of alienation, self-identification, and also inability to form and maintain an authentic being in individuals with non-constructive forms of protest. When accumulating, these contradictions become insuperable and cause destructive protest. Addressing the causes of the personβs destructive activity β creating conditions for successful adolescent and adult socialization β is important
Cardiotoxicity: a challenge for modern oncology
The article provides a modern vision of the problem of cardiotoxicity in oncology. Integrity and generality of nodal pathogenetic events in the body in case of carcinogenesis, antitumor therapy and cardiopathology are caused by similar mechanisms at different hierarchical levels. Identity of potential risk factors, including inflammation, aging, obesity, diabetes and smoking, has been noted